Lake Keowee Population contains Triploids

Deciduous azalea hybrids selected from a native population near Lake Keowee, South Carolina have been determined to be triploids using flow cytometry by a team lead by Dr. Ranney.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Triploid Deciduous azalea hybrids from Lake Keowee population

Source: Lake Keowee population
Source: Clarence Towe

John and Sally Perkins

Wine Spring Bald contains Triploids

Two deciduous azalea hybrids selected from a native population on Wine Spring Bald, North Carolina have been determined to be triploids using flow cytometry by a team lead by Dr. Ranney.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Triploid 2 deciduous azalea hybrids from Wine Spring Bald population

Source: Wine Spring Bald population
Source: Clarence Towe and Ron Miller

John and Sally Perkins

Cherokee County Population contains Triploids

Four deciduous azalea hybrids selected from a native population in Cherokee County, Georgia have been determined to be triploids using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, José Cerca, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Triploid 4 deciduous azalea hybrids from Cherokee County population

Source: Cherokee County population
Source: Charles Andrews

John and Sally Perkins

Dawsonville Population contains Triploids

A deciduous azalea hybrid in a native population in Dawsonville, Georgia has been determined to be a triploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, José Cerca, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

This Dawsonville population contains Rhododendron arborescens, Rhododendron canescens, Rhododendron periclymenoides, and Rhododendron calendulaceum.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid Rhododendron arborescens
Diploid Rhododendron canescens
Diploid Rhododendron periclymenoides
Triploid 1 deciduous azalea hybrid in Dawsonville population
Tetraploid Rhododendron calendulaceum

Source: Dawsonville population
Source: Charles Andrews

John and Sally Perkins

'July Jester' X 'My Mary' is a Triploid

'July Jester' X 'My Mary', which is a John and Sally Perkins hybrid, has been determined to be a triploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

In this case of this triploid (39 chromosomes), a diploid crossed with a tetraploid produced a triploid indicating normal meiosis occurred where the diploid contributed a 1x gamete (13 chromosomes) and the tetraploid contributed a 2x gamete (26 chromosomes).

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid Rhododendron cumberlandense
Diploid Rhododendron prunifolium
Triploid 'July Jester' X 'My Mary'
Tetraploid Rhododendron austrinum
Tetraploid 'My Mary'

Source: John and Sally Perkins

John and Sally Perkins

"viscosum glaucum not" X 'Smoky Mountaineer' is a Triploid

"viscosum glaucum not" X Rhododendron calendulaceum 'Smoky Mountaineer', which is a John and Sally Perkins hybrid, has been determined to be a triploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

In this case of this triploid (39 chromosomes), a diploid crossed with a tetraploid produced a triploid indicating normal meiosis occurred where the diploid contributed a 1x gamete (13 chromosomes) and the tetraploid contributed a 2x gamete (26 chromosomes).

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Triploid "viscosum glaucum not" X Rhododendron calendulaceum 'Smoky Mountaineer'
Tetraploid Rhododendron calendulaceum
Tetraploid Rhododendron calendulaceum 'Smoky Mountaineer'

This seedling was grown on by

Lindy Johnson
Appalachian Native Plants
676 Waddell Road
PO Box 736
Mountain City, TN 37683

Source: John and Sally Perkins
Source: Appalachian Native Plants

John and Sally Perkins

(pruniflorum X arborescens) X 'Smoky Mountaineer' is a Triploid

(Rhododendron pruniflorum X Rhododendron arborescens) X Rhododendron calendulaceum 'Smoky Mountaineer', which is a John and Sally Perkins hybrid, has been determined to be a triploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Rhododendron pruniflorum and Rhododendron arborescens are diploid species. Rhododendron calendulaceum is a tetraploid species.

In this case of this triploid (39 chromosomes), a diploid crossed with a tetraploid produced a triploid indicating normal meiosis occurred where the diploid contributed a 1x gamete (13 chromosomes) and the tetraploid contributed a 2x gamete (26 chromosomes).

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid Rhododendron pruniflorum,
Diploid Rhododendron arborescens,
Triploid (Rhododendron pruniflorum X Rhododendron arborescens) X Rhododendron calendulaceum 'Smoky Mountaineer',
Tetraploid Rhododendron calendulaceum,
Tetraploid Rhododendron calendulaceum 'Smoky Mountaineer'

This seedling was grown on by

Lindy Johnson
Appalachian Native Plants
676 Waddell Road
PO Box 736
Mountain City, TN 37683

Source: John and Sally Perkins
Source: Appalachian Native Plants

John and Sally Perkins

prinophyllum X calendulaceum Engine Gap is a Triploid

Rhododendron prinophyllum X Rhododendron calendulaceum "Engine Gap", which is a John and Sally Perkins hybrid, has been determined to be a triploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Rhododendron prinophyllum is diploid. Rhododendron calendulaceum is a tetraploid species.

In this case of this triploid (39 chromosomes), a diploid crossed with a tetraploid produced a triploid indicating normal meiosis occurred where the diploid contributed a 1x gamete (13 chromosomes) and the tetraploid contributed a 2x gamete (26 chromosomes).

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid Rhododendron prinophyllum,
Triploid Rhododendron prinophyllum X Rhododendron calendulaceum "Engine Gap",
Tetraploid Rhododendron calendulaceum

This seedling was grown on by

Lindy Johnson
Appalachian Native Plants
676 Waddell Road
PO Box 736
Mountain City, TN 37683

Source: John and Sally Perkins
Source: Appalachian Native Plants

John and Sally Perkins

'Canobie Candy' X calendulaceum Engine Gap is a Triploid

'Canobie Candy' X Rhododendron calendulaceum "Engine Gap", which is a John and Sally Perkins hybrid, has been determined to be a triploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

'Canobie Candy' is diploid. Rhododendron calendulaceum is a tetraploid species.

In this case of this triploid (39 chromosomes), a diploid crossed with a tetraploid produced a triploid indicating normal meiosis occurred where the diploid contributed a 1x gamete (13 chromosomes) and the tetraploid contributed a 2x gamete (26 chromosomes).

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid 'Canobie Candy',
Triploid 'Canobie Candy' X Rhododendron calendulaceum "Engine Gap",
Tetraploid Rhododendron calendulaceum

This seedling was grown on by

Lindy Johnson
Appalachian Native Plants
676 Waddell Road
PO Box 736
Mountain City, TN 37683

Source: John and Sally Perkins
Source: Appalachian Native Plants

John and Sally Perkins

molle x luteum is a Triploid

Rhododendron molle X Rhododendron luteum, which is a John and Sally Perkins hybrid, has been determined to be a triploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Rhododendron molle is diploid species. Rhododendron luteum is a tetraploid species.

In this case of this triploid (39 chromosomes), a diploid crossed with a tetraploid produced a triploid indicating normal meiosis occurred where the diploid contributed a 1x gamete (13 chromosomes) and the tetraploid contributed a 2x gamete (26 chromosomes).

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid Rhododendron molle,
Triploid Rhododendron molle X Rhododendron luteum,
Tetraploid Rhododendron luteum

This seedling was grown on by

Lindy Johnson
Appalachian Native Plants
676 Waddell Road
PO Box 736
Mountain City, TN 37683

Source: John and Sally Perkins
Source: Appalachian Native Plants

John and Sally Perkins

'Aamurusko' is a Triploid

Rhododendron 'Aamurusko', which is a Finnish Ghent hybrid, has been determined to be a triploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid 'Miniatum Floribundum',
Triploid 'Aida',
Triploid 'Aamurusko',
Triploid 'Bronze Unique',
Triploid 'Croceum Tricolor',
Triploid 'Daviesii',
Triploid 'Deep Rose',
Triploid 'Freya',
Triploid 'Gloria Mundi',
Triploid 'Il Tasso',
Triploid 'Josephine Klinger',
Triploid 'Phebe',
Triploid 'Phidias',
Triploid 'Pontica Album',
Triploid 'Van Houttei Flore Pleno',
Triploid 'Velasquez',
Triploid/Tetraploid 'Praxitèle',
Tetraploid 'Admiraal De Ruyter',
Tetraploid 'Altaclerensis',
Tetraploid 'Ariel',
Tetraploid 'Beaté Céleste',
Tetraploid 'Bijou des Amateurs',
Tetraploid 'Bouquet de Flore',
Tetraploid 'Cardinal,
Tetraploid 'Comte de Flandre',
Tetraploid 'Corneille',
Tetraploid 'Directeur Charles Baumann',
Tetraploid 'Durante Alle',
Tetraploid 'Electum',
Tetraploid 'Eugénie',
Tetraploid 'Fénelon',
Tetraploid 'Flameola Incarnata',
Tetraploid 'Héroine Plena,
Tetraploid 'Heureuse Surprise',
Tetraploid 'Hollandia',
Tetraploid 'Hora',
Tetraploid 'Ignacea',
Tetraploid 'Igneum Novum',
Tetraploid 'Il Tasso',
Tetraploid 'Jenny Lind',
Tetraploid 'Juliana Nova',
Tetraploid 'Julius Caesar',
Tetraploid 'Leibuir',
Tetraploid 'Lelia',
Tetraploid 'Madame Gustave Guillemot',
Tetraploid 'Marie Verschaffelt',
Tetraploid 'Minerva',
Tetraploid 'Nancy Waterer',
Tetraploid 'Oscar I',
Tetraploid 'Perfecta',
Tetraploid 'Princesse d' Orange',
Tetraploid 'Raphael de Smet'

Source: Kristian Theqvist

John and Sally Perkins

Rhododendron luteum Yellow form is a Tetraploid

Rhododendron luteum Yellow form has been determined to be a tetraploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Rhododendron luteum was also determined to be a tetraploid using flow cytometry by Dr. Thomas Ranney, J.R. Jones, and Nathan Lynch.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Tetraploid Rhododendron luteum,
Tetraploid Rhododendron luteum 'Golden Comet',
Tetraploid Rhododendron luteum Orange form,
Tetraploid Rhododendron luteum Yellow form

Source: Kristian Theqvist

John and Sally Perkins

Rhododendron luteum Orange form is a Tetraploid

Rhododendron luteum Orange form has been determined to be a tetraploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Rhododendron luteum was also determined to be a tetraploid using flow cytometry by Dr. Thomas Ranney, J.R. Jones, and Nathan Lynch.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Tetraploid Rhododendron luteum,
Tetraploid Rhododendron luteum 'Golden Comet',
Tetraploid Rhododendron luteum Orange form,
Tetraploid Rhododendron luteum Yellow form

Source: Kristian Theqvist

John and Sally Perkins

'Lilac Lights' is a Diploid

Rhododendron 'Lilac Lights', which is in the Northern Lights group from the University of Minnesota documented as Rhododendron canadense X Rhododendron molle hybrid, has been determined to be a diploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid Rhododendron canadense,
Diploid Rhododendron molle,
Diploid Rhododendron prinophyllum,
Diploid 'Frank Abbott',
Diploid 'Jane Abbott',
Diploid 'Lilac Lights',
Diploid 'Orchid Lights',
Diploid 'Rosy Lights',
Triploid 'Spicy Lights',
Triploid 'White Lights',
Tetraploid Rhododendron atlanticum,
Tetraploid Rhododendron calendulaceum,
Tetraploid Rhododendron luteum,
Tetraploid 'Apricot Surprise',
Tetraploid 'Candy Lights',
Tetraploid 'Golden Lights',
Tetraploid 'Lemon Lights',
Tetraploid 'Mandarin Lights',
Tetraploid 'Northern Hi-Lights',
Tetraploid 'Tri-Lights'

Source: Kristian Theqvist

John and Sally Perkins

'Rosy Lights' is a Diploid

Rhododendron 'Rosy Lights', which is in the Northern Lights group from the University of Minnesota documented as Rhododendron prinophyllum X Rhododendron molle, has been determined to be a diploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid Rhododendron canadense,
Diploid Rhododendron molle,
Diploid Rhododendron prinophyllum,
Diploid 'Frank Abbott',
Diploid 'Jane Abbott',
Diploid 'Lilac Lights',
Diploid 'Orchid Lights',
Diploid 'Rosy Lights',
Triploid 'Spicy Lights',
Triploid 'White Lights',
Tetraploid Rhododendron atlanticum,
Tetraploid Rhododendron calendulaceum,
Tetraploid Rhododendron luteum,
Tetraploid 'Apricot Surprise',
Tetraploid 'Candy Lights',
Tetraploid 'Golden Lights',
Tetraploid 'Lemon Lights',
Tetraploid 'Mandarin Lights',
Tetraploid 'Northern Hi-Lights',
Tetraploid 'Tri-Lights'

Source: Kristian Theqvist

John and Sally Perkins

'Spicy Lights' is a Triploid

Rhododendron 'Spicy Lights', which is in the Northern Lights group from the University of Minnesota documented as Rhododendron prinophyllum as the seed parent, has been determined to be a triploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Rhododendron 'Spicy Lights' appears to be sterile.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid Rhododendron canadense,
Diploid Rhododendron molle,
Diploid Rhododendron prinophyllum,
Diploid 'Lilac Lights',
Diploid 'Orchid Lights',
Diploid 'Rosy Lights',
Triploid 'Spicy Lights',
Triploid 'White Lights',
Tetraploid Rhododendron atlanticum,
Tetraploid Rhododendron calendulaceum,
Tetraploid Rhododendron luteum,
Tetraploid 'Apricot Surprise',
Tetraploid 'Candy Lights',
Tetraploid 'Golden Lights',
Tetraploid 'Lemon Lights',
Tetraploid 'Mandarin Lights',
Tetraploid 'Northern Hi-Lights',
Tetraploid 'Tri-Lights'

Source: Kristian Theqvist

John and Sally Perkins

'White Lights' is a Triploid

Rhododendron 'White Lights', which is in the Northern Lights group from the University of Minnesota documented as Rhododendron prinophyllum X white Exbury, has been determined to be a triploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Rhododendron 'White Lights' appears to be sterile.

Most Exbury deciduous azaleas are tetraploids.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid Rhododendron canadense,
Diploid Rhododendron molle,
Diploid Rhododendron prinophyllum,
Diploid 'Lilac Lights',
Diploid 'Orchid Lights',
Diploid 'Rosy Lights',
Triploid 'Spicy Lights',
Triploid 'White Lights',
Tetraploid Rhododendron atlanticum,
Tetraploid Rhododendron calendulaceum,
Tetraploid Rhododendron luteum,
Tetraploid 'Apricot Surprise',
Tetraploid 'Candy Lights',
Tetraploid 'Golden Lights',
Tetraploid 'Lemon Lights',
Tetraploid 'Mandarin Lights',
Tetraploid 'Northern Hi-Lights',
Tetraploid 'Tri-Lights'

Source: Kristian Theqvist

John and Sally Perkins

"(cumberlandense X lutem) not" is a Diploid

Three seedlings of Rhododendron "(cumberlandense X lutem) not" have been determined to be a diploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, José Cerca Oliveira, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Ploidy testing indicates that Rhododendron luteum may not be the pollen parent of this hybrid.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid Rhododendron cumberlandense,
Diploid 3 Seedlings of "(cumberlandense X luteum) not",
Tetraploid Rhododendron luteum

Source: Bruce Clyburn

John and Sally Perkins

"(flammeum X calendulaceum) not" is a Diploid

Rhododendron "(flammeum X calendulaceum) not", which is a John Thornton hybrid, has been determined to be a diploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, José Cerca Oliveira, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Ploidy testing indicates that Rhododendron calendulaceum may not be the pollen parent of this hybrid.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid Rhododendron flammeum,
Diploid "(flammeum X calendulaceum) not",
Tetraploid Rhododendron calendulaceum

Source: John Thronton

John and Sally Perkins

'Consul Pecher' is a Diploid

Rhododendron 'Consul Pecher', which is a Rhododendron molle hybrid, has been determined to be a diploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, José Cerca Oliveira, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid Rhododendron molle,
Diploid 'Consul Pecher'

Source: Arnold Arboretum Accession Number: 837-59

John and Sally Perkins