'Lilac Lights' is a Diploid

Rhododendron 'Lilac Lights', which is in the Northern Lights group from the University of Minnesota documented as Rhododendron canadense X Rhododendron molle hybrid, has been determined to be a diploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid Rhododendron canadense,
Diploid Rhododendron molle,
Diploid Rhododendron prinophyllum,
Diploid 'Frank Abbott',
Diploid 'Jane Abbott',
Diploid 'Lilac Lights',
Diploid 'Orchid Lights',
Diploid 'Rosy Lights',
Triploid 'Spicy Lights',
Triploid 'White Lights',
Tetraploid Rhododendron atlanticum,
Tetraploid Rhododendron calendulaceum,
Tetraploid Rhododendron luteum,
Tetraploid 'Apricot Surprise',
Tetraploid 'Candy Lights',
Tetraploid 'Golden Lights',
Tetraploid 'Lemon Lights',
Tetraploid 'Mandarin Lights',
Tetraploid 'Northern Hi-Lights',
Tetraploid 'Tri-Lights'

Source: Kristian Theqvist

John and Sally Perkins

'Rosy Lights' is a Diploid

Rhododendron 'Rosy Lights', which is in the Northern Lights group from the University of Minnesota documented as Rhododendron prinophyllum X Rhododendron molle, has been determined to be a diploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid Rhododendron canadense,
Diploid Rhododendron molle,
Diploid Rhododendron prinophyllum,
Diploid 'Frank Abbott',
Diploid 'Jane Abbott',
Diploid 'Lilac Lights',
Diploid 'Orchid Lights',
Diploid 'Rosy Lights',
Triploid 'Spicy Lights',
Triploid 'White Lights',
Tetraploid Rhododendron atlanticum,
Tetraploid Rhododendron calendulaceum,
Tetraploid Rhododendron luteum,
Tetraploid 'Apricot Surprise',
Tetraploid 'Candy Lights',
Tetraploid 'Golden Lights',
Tetraploid 'Lemon Lights',
Tetraploid 'Mandarin Lights',
Tetraploid 'Northern Hi-Lights',
Tetraploid 'Tri-Lights'

Source: Kristian Theqvist

John and Sally Perkins

'Spicy Lights' is a Triploid

Rhododendron 'Spicy Lights', which is in the Northern Lights group from the University of Minnesota documented as Rhododendron prinophyllum as the seed parent, has been determined to be a triploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Rhododendron 'Spicy Lights' appears to be sterile.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid Rhododendron canadense,
Diploid Rhododendron molle,
Diploid Rhododendron prinophyllum,
Diploid 'Lilac Lights',
Diploid 'Orchid Lights',
Diploid 'Rosy Lights',
Triploid 'Spicy Lights',
Triploid 'White Lights',
Tetraploid Rhododendron atlanticum,
Tetraploid Rhododendron calendulaceum,
Tetraploid Rhododendron luteum,
Tetraploid 'Apricot Surprise',
Tetraploid 'Candy Lights',
Tetraploid 'Golden Lights',
Tetraploid 'Lemon Lights',
Tetraploid 'Mandarin Lights',
Tetraploid 'Northern Hi-Lights',
Tetraploid 'Tri-Lights'

Source: Kristian Theqvist

John and Sally Perkins

'White Lights' is a Triploid

Rhododendron 'White Lights', which is in the Northern Lights group from the University of Minnesota documented as Rhododendron prinophyllum X white Exbury, has been determined to be a triploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Rhododendron 'White Lights' appears to be sterile.

Most Exbury deciduous azaleas are tetraploids.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid Rhododendron canadense,
Diploid Rhododendron molle,
Diploid Rhododendron prinophyllum,
Diploid 'Lilac Lights',
Diploid 'Orchid Lights',
Diploid 'Rosy Lights',
Triploid 'Spicy Lights',
Triploid 'White Lights',
Tetraploid Rhododendron atlanticum,
Tetraploid Rhododendron calendulaceum,
Tetraploid Rhododendron luteum,
Tetraploid 'Apricot Surprise',
Tetraploid 'Candy Lights',
Tetraploid 'Golden Lights',
Tetraploid 'Lemon Lights',
Tetraploid 'Mandarin Lights',
Tetraploid 'Northern Hi-Lights',
Tetraploid 'Tri-Lights'

Source: Kristian Theqvist

John and Sally Perkins

'Orchid Lights' is a Diploid

Rhododendron 'Orchid Lights', which is in the Northern Lights group from the University of Minnesota documented as Rhododendron canadense X Rhododendron x kosteranum, has been determined to be a diploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, José Cerca Oliveira, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Rhododendron x kosteranum is documented as having been derived from Rhododendron molle.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid Rhododendron canadense
Diploid Rhododendron molle
Diploid Rhododendron 'Orchid Lights'
Tetraploid 'Apricot Surprise',
Tetraploid 'Candy Lights',
Tetraploid 'Golden Lights',
Tetraploid 'Lemon Lights',
Tetraploid 'Mandarin Lights',
Tetraploid 'Northern Hi-Lights',
Tetraploid 'Tri-Lights'

Source: John and Sally Perkins

John and Sally Perkins

'Tri-Lights' is a Tetraploid

Rhododendron 'Tri-Lights', which is in the Northern Lights group from the University of Minnesota documented as Rhododendron atlanticum X 'Dayton Red', has been determined to be a tetraploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, José Cerca Oliveira, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid Rhododendron 'Orchid Lights',
Tetraploid Rhododendron atlanticum,
Tetraploid 'Apricot Surprise',
Tetraploid 'Candy Lights',
Tetraploid 'Golden Lights',
Tetraploid 'Lemon Lights',
Tetraploid 'Mandarin Lights',
Tetraploid 'Northern Hi-Lights',
Tetraploid 'Tri-Lights'

Source: RareFind Nursery

John and Sally Perkins

'Candy Lights' is a Tetraploid

Rhododendron 'Candy Lights', which is in the Northern Lights group from the University of Minnesota documented as Rhododendron atlanticum X 'Dayton Red', has been determined to be a tetraploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, José Cerca Oliveira, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid Rhododendron 'Orchid Lights',
Tetraploid Rhododendron atlanticum,
Tetraploid 'Apricot Surprise',
Tetraploid 'Candy Lights',
Tetraploid 'Golden Lights',
Tetraploid 'Lemon Lights',
Tetraploid 'Mandarin Lights',
Tetraploid 'Northern Hi-Lights',
Tetraploid 'Tri-Lights'

Source: RareFind Nursery

John and Sally Perkins

'Mandarin Lights' is a Tetraploid

Rhododendron 'Mandarin Lights', which is in the Northern Lights group from the University of Minnesota documented as a cross between Rhododendron calenducaleum and 'Orangeade', has been determined to be a tetraploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, José Cerca Oliveira, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid Rhododendron 'Orchid Lights',
Tetraploid Rhododendron calendulaceum,
Tetraploid 'Apricot Surprise',
Tetraploid 'Candy Lights',
Tetraploid 'Golden Lights',
Tetraploid 'Lemon Lights',
Tetraploid 'Mandarin Lights',
Tetraploid 'Northern Hi-Lights',
Tetraploid 'Tri-Lights'

Source: RareFind Nursery

John and Sally Perkins

'Lemon Lights' is a Tetraploid

Rhododendron 'Lemon Lights', which is in the Northern Lights group from the University of Minnesota documented as open pollinated seedling of an exbury possibly having a Rhododendron canadense hybrid as the pollen parent, has been determined to be a tetraploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, José Cerca Oliveira, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Despite the appearance of Rhododednron 'Lemon Lights' reflecting some of characteristics common to Rhododendron canadense, the ploidy results and the normal rules of engagement where tetraploids normally reject pollen from diploids for deciduous azaleas do not support Rhododendron canadense being involved.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid Rhododendron canadense,
Diploid Rhododendron 'Orchid Lights',
Tetraploid 'Apricot Surprise',
Tetraploid 'Candy Lights',
Tetraploid 'Golden Lights',
Tetraploid 'Lemon Lights',
Tetraploid 'Mandarin Lights',
Tetraploid 'Northern Hi-Lights',
Tetraploid 'Tri-Lights'

Source: RareFind Nursery

John and Sally Perkins

'Apricot Surprise' is a Tetraploid

Rhododendron 'Apricot Surprise', which is in the Northern Lights group from the University of Minnesota, has been determined to be a tetraploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, José Cerca Oliveira, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Rhododendron 'Apricot Surprise' is fertile.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid Rhododendron 'Orchid Lights',
Tetraploid 'Apricot Surprise',
Tetraploid 'Candy Lights',
Tetraploid 'Golden Lights',
Tetraploid 'Lemon Lights',
Tetraploid 'Mandarin Lights',
Tetraploid 'Northern Hi-Lights',
Tetraploid 'Tri-Lights'

Source: John and Sally Perkins

John and Sally Perkins

'Northern Hi-Lights' is a Tetraploid

Rhododendron 'Northern Hi-Lights', which is in the Northern Lights group from the University of Minnesota documented as Rhododendron atlanticum X 'Dayton Red', has been determined to be a tetraploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, José Cerca Oliveira, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Rhododendron 'Northern Hi-Lights' is fertile.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid Rhododendron 'Orchid Lights',
Tetraploid Rhododendron atlanticum,
Tetraploid 'Apricot Surprise',
Tetraploid 'Candy Lights',
Tetraploid 'Golden Lights',
Tetraploid 'Lemon Lights',
Tetraploid 'Mandarin Lights',
Tetraploid 'Northern Hi-Lights',
Tetraploid 'Tri-Lights'

Source: John and Sally Perkins

John and Sally Perkins

'Golden Lights' is a Tetraploid

Rhododendron 'Golden Lights', which is in the Northern Lights group from the University of Minnesota documented as Rhododendron atlanticum X an Exbury, has been determined to be a tetraploid using flow cytometry by

Dr. João Loureiro, Dr. Silvia Castro, José Cerca Oliveira, and Mariana Castro
Plant Ecology and Evolution Group,
Centre for Functional Ecology,
Department of Life Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology,
University of Coimbra, Portugal.

Rhododendron 'Golden Lights' is fertile.

Summary of Ploidy Levels

Diploid Rhododendron 'Orchid Lights',
Tetraploid Rhododendron atlanticum,
Tetraploid 'Apricot Surprise',
Tetraploid 'Candy Lights',
Tetraploid 'Golden Lights',
Tetraploid 'Lemon Lights',
Tetraploid 'Mandarin Lights',
Tetraploid 'Northern Hi-Lights',
Tetraploid 'Tri-Lights'

Source: John and Sally Perkins

John and Sally Perkins